Contract negotiations are often seen as a battle—one side attacks, the other defends. Lawyers and businesses alike can fall into the trap of aggressive posturing, believing that the only way to “win” is to dominate the other party. But is that really the best approach?
At Lay Law, we take a different view. Successful contract negotiation isn’t about crushing the other side—it’s about securing a strong, workable agreement that serves both parties’ interests and leads to a successful commercial relationship.
Let’s explore the offensive vs. defensive approaches to contract negotiations and, more importantly, why a pragmatic, context-specific strategy is the real key to success.
The Two Schools of Thought: Offensive vs. Defensive Tactics
In every contract negotiation, there are two broad approaches: offensive (aggressive, maximizing your position) and defensive (risk-averse, focused on protection). The best negotiators know how to blend elements of both, depending on the situation.
Offensive Tactics – Going for Maximum Advantage:
Lawyers using an offensive strategy often aim to secure the best possible deal by leveraging aggressive techniques, such as:
🔺 Anchoring – Starting with an extreme position to make later concessions seem reasonable. (E.g., Quoting a high fee knowing you’ll settle for less.)
🔺 Creating Urgency – Framing the deal as time-sensitive to pressure the other party into quick agreement.
🔺 Framing the Narrative – Positioning the offer as the best or only viable option.
🔺 Asking for More Than Needed – Expanding the scope of the deal so there’s room to scale back during negotiations.
While these tactics can sometimes be effective—especially when you have strong bargaining power—purely offensive approaches can backfire. If the other party feels bullied or misled, they may walk away or enter the contract with resentment, increasing the likelihood of disputes later.
Defensive Tactics – Playing It Safe:
On the other side of the spectrum, defensive negotiators focus on reducing risk and protecting their position. Common defensive tactics include:
🔹 Inserting Protective Clauses – Adding warranties, indemnities, and liability limitations to safeguard against future risks.
🔹 Clarifying Ambiguities – Asking for precise definitions of scope, deliverables, and obligations to prevent future misunderstandings.
🔹 Delaying or Stalling – Taking extra time to review, consult with stakeholders, or compare other options.
🔹 Redlining Extensively – Pushing back on payment terms, deliverables, or liability exposure to reduce risks.
A defensive approach is essential in high-risk deals, but if overused, it can slow negotiations down to a crawl or create an atmosphere of mistrust.
The Best Approach? Context, Pragmatism & Strong Foundations
The most effective contract negotiators don’t see negotiations as a fight to be won. Instead, they focus on building a contract that works—one that aligns with business objectives, fairly distributes risk, and sets up both parties for long-term success.
Here’s how to achieve that:
1️⃣ Start with a Better Contract Template
A well-drafted, fair, and clear contract from the outset can reduce negotiation time significantly. If your starting point is strong, negotiations become about fine-tuning rather than rewriting from scratch.
✅ Keep templates clear and modular, so they can be adapted for different deals.
✅ Use plain language—unclear contracts create disputes.
✅ Ensure contracts are fair but protective—so you don’t have to over-negotiate every clause.
2️⃣ Focus on What Truly Matters
Too often, legal teams get bogged down in minor points while missing the big picture. Prioritize key business aspects first:
🔹 Scope & Deliverables – What exactly is being provided? How will success be measured?
🔹 Pricing & Payment Terms – What’s the structure? Are there price change mechanisms?
🔹 Liabilities & Risks – What happens if things go wrong? Are indemnities reasonable?
🔹 Responsibilities – Who is responsible for what?
By tackling the essential issues first, you reduce unnecessary back-and-forth and get to a workable agreement faster.
3️⃣ Be Pragmatic & Keep Discussions Moving
Old-school, adversarial negotiations kill deals. Instead of getting stuck on rigid positions, successful negotiators:
🔹 Explain concerns clearly instead of just rejecting clauses outright.
🔹 Listen actively to the other side’s issues and try to find solutions.
🔹 Find middle ground by adjusting contract terms without losing core protections.
A contract negotiation isn’t a court battle—it’s a business discussion. Keep the process smooth, practical, and forward-moving.
4️⃣ Set Boundaries, But Stay Flexible
Risk is inevitable in any contract. The goal isn’t to eliminate all risk but to allocate it fairly. Instead of overloading a contract with protections, focus on:
✅ Clarity – Make terms unambiguous to avoid later disputes.
✅ Proportionality – Ensure liability caps and warranties align with the deal’s value.
✅ Alignment – Make sure responsibilities are clear so both parties are accountable.
5️⃣ Don’t Assume Big Clients Dictate the Terms
Many businesses assume that large clients hold all the power in negotiations. But often, you have more leverage than you think—especially if your contract terms are designed to make business sense.
💡 If your contract is clear, commercially reasonable, and structured for mutual benefit, even big clients may prefer to work with it instead of imposing their own.
Final Thoughts: The Key to Smarter Contract Negotiations
A contract is not just a legal document—it’s the foundation of a successful business relationship. Instead of relying on outdated aggressive or defensive tactics, a context-driven, pragmatic approach will always yield better results.
✅ Start with a strong, fair contract to reduce unnecessary negotiations.
✅ Prioritize key business terms instead of getting stuck on legal technicalities.
✅ Negotiate with practicality—explain issues, find middle ground, and move forward.
✅ Balance protection with reasonableness—avoid excessive rigidity.
At Lay Law, we help businesses craft contracts that not only protect their interests but also enable successful commercial relationships. If you need support with contract drafting, reviewing, or negotiation, reach out to us today.
Let’s negotiate smarter—not harder. 🚀
Author | Richard Thompson
